The Economist

Matéria da revista britânica The Economist sobre o atual e os dois últimos governos do estado do Rio de Janeiro... elogios e críticas.

Brazil
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Jul 17th 2008 RIO DE JANEIRO
From The Economist print edition

How Rio’s first good governor in decades is starting to renew Brazil’s most famous city

IT IS not hard to discover what is wrong with Rio de Janeiro. Walk along the main shopping street of the Complexo de Alemão, a large shanty town that has been surrounded by police gunmen for months, and after about 20 metres the stalls selling fruit, vegetables and pirated DVDs give way to one selling wraps of cocaine and marijuana. It is run by boys with machineguns slung over their shoulders. Other shoppers try hard to pretend that this is normal, but they avoid looking the gunmen and their hangers-on in the eye, just in case. From time to time more machineguns pass by on motorbikes, their riders off to collect drugs, kill a rival or enforce their own version of the law.
When Sérgio Cabral was elected governor of Rio state at the end of 2006, hopes were high that he might curb corruption among politicians and the police, and pull the city of Rio (for which he is also responsible) out of a 25-year slump. He hired a team of reformers, broke a local taboo by appealing to the federal government for help, and seemed almost too eager to try new things. Inspired by the work of Steven Levitt, an American economist, he at one point suggested legalising abortion as a way of reducing the future supply of potential criminals.
A year and a half into his term, how is Mr Cabral doing? According to his finance minister, Joaquim Levy, the new government’s plan was first to get the state’s finances in order and then to fund improvements in health care and public security. An unspoken assumption was that Mr Cabral’s administration would also practise a cleaner brand of politics.
The first part has gone well. Despite the oil money that Rio gets from the wells off its coastline, the state has often been in the red. That has changed under the new administration. Tax receipts are up: the courts that rule on tax disputes, which can go on for many years—some cases from the early 1990s are still not settled—are being streamlined with the aim of cutting the time spent wrangling to no more than two years. And spending is more controlled. As a result, the state’s finances have gone from a deficit of 100m reais ($63m) to a surplus last year of 790m reais.
Mr Cabral has also been busily soliciting foreign investment to add to the deal that his predecessor signed with ThyssenKrupp, a German industrial group, to build a steel mill that is due to be the biggest foreign investment in Latin America. The time taken to register a business is falling. The state’s pension fund has been under something like normal financial management and is now accumulating cash for the first time in ten years.
However, government in Rio is mainly judged by the level of violence, and here its record is less good. After a promising start, Mr Cabral’s administration fell out with reformers in the police. Brazil’s murder rate has been falling, but in the city of Rio killings by the police have risen sharply—up from 300 in 1998 to 900 last year. Earlier this month two policemen opened fire on a car they thought belonged to a drug dealer, killing a three-year-old boy. The army, where it has been deployed against crime, has proved equally slapdash. Last month soldiers handed three young men from one shanty town to a gang in a neighbouring area. All were promptly murdered.
Part of Rio’s problem is that voters have long shown a preference for charm over administrative skills when it comes to choosing their politicians. Anthony Garotinho, a football commentator turned tele-evangelist, and his wife Rosinha, who between them governed the state with a startling incompetence from 1999 until 2006, are the most recent examples. According to André Urani, author of a forthcoming book on the city, the explanation lies in an abdication by Rio’s elite which, he argues, has regarded local politics as insufficiently important to merit its attention.
Yet even as Mr Cabral’s administration seems to be breaking this pattern, there are signs of it resurfacing elsewhere. The front-runner in the mayoral race in Rio, to be held in October, is Marcelo Crivella. He is the nephew of Edir Macedo, who runs the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, a large network of Pentecostal churches. His uncle also co-owns the Rede Record group, which includes one of Brazil’s biggest news channels. Mr Crivella is a bishop in the church (he also has a career as a singer). Though this ought not to count against him in his bid to be mayor, his willingness to over-promise should. He recently got in trouble for suggesting in campaign leaflets that he could single-handedly remodel one of Rio’s largest shanty towns to resemble a picturesque hillside village in Italy.
Set against this tradition, Mr Cabral’s government, which is clean, competent and takes institutions seriously, is a huge improvement. Yet it is too early to declare Rio’s renaissance to be under way. As the machineguns in the shopping streets attest, there is still a huge amount to do.

Nota do blog:
ao se referir ao ex-governador Anthony Garotinho Matheus, o repórter citou-o como comentarista esportivo (o que nos remete a pensar que pode ter havido uma pequena confusão com o José Carlos Araújo, o Garotinho, do Rio de Janeiro). Mas o Garotinho do norte fluminense também foi narrador... o que também pode significar que o repórter fez uma ampla pesquisa.